Spring Boot的主要优点
- 开箱即用，提供各种默认配置
- 内嵌式容器简化Web项目
- 没有冗余代码和XML配置的要求
快速入门
目标：完成Spring Boot基础项目的构建，并且实现一个简单的Http请求处理
使用Maven构建项目或http://start.spring.io/向导构建项目
略
项目结构
src
main
java
com.xxx.controller
HelloController
resources
test
java
resources
引入Web模块
当前的pom.xml内容如下，仅引入了两个模块：
- spring-boot-starter：核心模块，包括自动配置支持、日志和YAML
- spring-boot-starter-test：测试模块，包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
引入Web模块，需添加spring-boot-starter-web模块：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
完整的POM文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gemantic</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-hello</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot-hello Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
<!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!--
<jetty.version>8.1.15.v20140411</jetty.version>
<jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>
<java.version>1.7</java.version>
-->
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springboot-hello</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
编写HelloWorld服务
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String index() {
return "Hello World";
}
}
编写主程序
@SpringBootApplication
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Server.class, args);
}
}
启动主程序，打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/hello，可以看到页面输出Hello World
编写单元测试用例
下面编写一个简单的单元测试来模拟http请求，具体如下：
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MockServletContext.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class ApplicationTests {
private MockMvc mvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build();
}
@Test
public void getHello() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")));
}
}
